Introduction
In this section, you will see how to create a React Native application using the @ledgerhq/react-native-hw-transport-ble.
For this project some general prerequisites are mandatory and you can find them here.
Then you can now go through the prerequisite for iOS development below.
Prerequisites
Install Homebrew
Homebrew is a package manager for macOS. When it needs to install software from third-party websites. To install it, run:
ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/uninstall)"
Install watchman
React Native uses watchman to detect real-time code changes and it automatically builds and pushes the update to your device without manually refreshing.
Install Java JRE and JDK
There is a risk of react-native build failure if you don’t have a complete installation of Java. Downloading Android Studio is not enough since it comes bundled with its own JRE.
brew install --cask adoptopenjdk/openjdk/adoptopenjdk8
Install React Native
With React Native, you can write an application in Javascript and then the React Native Compiler will convert your Javascript code into native code for iOS and Android environments.
React Native command line interface can be installed using npm as below.
npm install -g react-native-cli
iOS development prerequisites
To develop an iOS application we have to install Xcode via the Mac App Store.
When the installation is complete, open Xcode then go to Settings => Locations.
Fig. 1: Xcode Settings
Select the most recent version from the “Command Line Tools” dropdown.
Fig. 2: Xcode Location Settings
Finally, install cocoapods by running:
sudo gem install cocoapods
Mobile App Build
Now that we have set up the prerequisites, you can now create the application.
In this integration, we will use the ethereum application.
Project Initialization
First, open a terminal and create a new project. For this tutorial the project will be named “ledgerApp”.
Run:
react-native init ledgerApp
cd ledgerApp
Tip
During the initialization, it is installing required 'CocoaPods' dependencies and it may take time.
Code Implementation
Run:
mkdir src
touch polyfill.js
touch src/DeviceItem.js
touch src/DeviceSelectionScreen.js
touch src/ShowAddressScreen.js
polyfill.js
In “polyfill.js”, copy-paste the following code:
global.Buffer = require("buffer").Buffer;
index.js
Then import the polyfill in “index.js” as shown below:
/**
* @format
*/
import "./polyfill"; //import this
import {AppRegistry} from 'react-native';
import App from './src/App'; //modify this import
import {name as appName} from './app.json';
AppRegistry.registerComponent(appName, () => App);
App.js
Move the file named “App.js” in the “src” folder and copy-paste the following code:
import React, { Component } from "react";
import DeviceSelectionScreen from "./DeviceSelectionScreen";
import ShowAddressScreen from "./ShowAddressScreen";
import TransportBLE from "@ledgerhq/react-native-hw-transport-ble";
// This is helpful if you want to see BLE logs. (only to use in dev mode)
class App extends Component {
state = {
transport: null
};
onSelectDevice = async device => {
const transport = await TransportBLE.open(device);
transport.on("disconnect", () => {
// Intentionally for the sake of simplicity we use a transport local state
// and remove it on disconnect.
// A better way is to pass in the device.id and handle the connection internally.
this.setState({ transport: null });
});
this.setState({ transport });
};
render() {
const { transport } = this.state;
if (!transport) {
return <DeviceSelectionScreen onSelectDevice={this.onSelectDevice} />;
}
return <ShowAddressScreen transport={transport} />;
}
}
export default App;
In “DeviceItem.js” copy-paste the following code:
import React, { Component } from "react";
import {
Text,
TouchableOpacity,
StyleSheet,
ActivityIndicator
} from "react-native";
class DeviceItem extends Component {
state = {
pending: false
};
onPress = async () => {
this.setState({ pending: true });
try {
await this.props.onSelect(this.props.device);
} finally {
this.setState({ pending: false });
}
};
render() {
const { device } = this.props;
const { pending } = this.state;
return (
<TouchableOpacity
style={styles.deviceItem}
onPress={this.onPress}
disabled={pending}
>
<Text style={styles.deviceName}>{device.name}</Text>
{pending ? <ActivityIndicator /> : null}
</TouchableOpacity>
);
}
}
export default DeviceItem;
const styles = StyleSheet.create({
deviceItem: {
paddingVertical: 16,
paddingHorizontal: 32,
marginVertical: 8,
marginHorizontal: 16,
borderColor: "#ccc",
borderWidth: 1,
flexDirection: "row",
alignItems: "center",
justifyContent: "space-between"
},
deviceName: {
fontSize: 20,
fontWeight: "bold"
}
});
In “DeviceSelectionScreen.js”, copy-paste the following code:
import React, { Component } from "react";
import {
StyleSheet,
Text,
View,
TouchableOpacity,
FlatList,
Platform,
PermissionsAndroid
} from "react-native";
import { Observable } from "rxjs";
import AppEth from "@ledgerhq/hw-app-eth";
import TransportBLE from "@ledgerhq/react-native-hw-transport-ble";
import QRCode from "react-native-qrcode-svg";
import DeviceItem from "./DeviceItem";
const deviceAddition = device => ({ devices }) => ({
devices: devices.some(i => i.id === device.id)
? devices
: devices.concat(device)
});
class DeviceSelectionScreen extends Component {
state = {
devices: [],
error: null,
refreshing: false
};
async componentDidMount() {
// NB: this is the bare minimal. We recommend to implement a screen to explain to user.
if (Platform.OS === "android") {
await PermissionsAndroid.request(
PermissionsAndroid.PERMISSIONS.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
);
}
let previousAvailable = false;
new Observable(TransportBLE.observeState).subscribe(e => {
if (e.available !== previousAvailable) {
previousAvailable = e.available;
if (e.available) {
this.reload();
}
}
});
this.startScan();
}
componentWillUnmount() {
if (this.sub) this.sub.unsubscribe();
}
startScan = async () => {
this.setState({ refreshing: true });
this.sub = new Observable(TransportBLE.listen).subscribe({
complete: () => {
this.setState({ refreshing: false });
},
next: e => {
if (e.type === "add") {
this.setState(deviceAddition(e.descriptor));
}
// NB there is no "remove" case in BLE.
},
error: error => {
this.setState({ error, refreshing: false });
}
});
};
reload = async () => {
if (this.sub) this.sub.unsubscribe();
this.setState(
{ devices: [], error: null, refreshing: false },
this.startScan
);
};
keyExtractor = (item: *) => item.id;
onSelectDevice = async device => {
try {
await this.props.onSelectDevice(device);
} catch (error) {
this.setState({ error });
}
};
renderItem = ({ item }: { item: * }) => {
return <DeviceItem device={item} onSelect={this.onSelectDevice} />;
};
ListHeader = () => {
const { error } = this.state;
return error ? (
<View style={styles.header}>
<Text style={styles.headerTitle}>Sorry, an error occured</Text>
<Text style={styles.errorTitle}>{String(error.message)}</Text>
</View>
) : (
<View style={styles.header}>
<Text style={styles.headerTitle}>Scanning for Bluetooth...</Text>
<Text style={styles.headerSubtitle}>
Power up your Ledger Nano X and enter your pin.
</Text>
</View>
);
};
render() {
const { devices, error, refreshing } = this.state;
return (
<FlatList
extraData={error}
style={styles.list}
data={devices}
renderItem={this.renderItem}
keyExtractor={this.keyExtractor}
ListHeaderComponent={this.ListHeader}
onRefresh={this.reload}
refreshing={refreshing}
/>
);
}
}
export default DeviceSelectionScreen;
const styles = StyleSheet.create({
header: {
paddingTop: 80,
paddingBottom: 36,
alignItems: "center"
},
headerTitle: {
fontSize: 22,
marginBottom: 16
},
headerSubtitle: {
fontSize: 12,
color: "#999"
},
list: {
flex: 1
},
errorTitle: {
color: "#c00",
fontSize: 16,
marginBottom: 16
}
});
In “ShowAddressScreen.js”, copy-paste the following code:
import React, { Component } from "react";
import { StyleSheet, Text, View } from "react-native";
import AppEth from "@ledgerhq/hw-app-eth";
import TransportBLE from "@ledgerhq/react-native-hw-transport-ble";
import QRCode from "react-native-qrcode-svg";
const delay = ms => new Promise(success => setTimeout(success, ms));
class ShowAddressScreen extends Component {
state = {
error: null,
address: null
};
async componentDidMount() {
while (!this.state.address) {
if (this.unmounted) return;
await this.fetchAddress(false);
await delay(500);
}
await this.fetchAddress(true);
}
async componentWillUnmount() {
this.unmounted = true;
}
fetchAddress = async verify => {
const { transport } = this.props;
try {
const eth = new AppEth(transport);
const path = "44'/60'/0'/0/0"; // HD derivation path
const { address } = await eth.getAddress(path, verify);
if (this.unmounted) return;
this.setState({ address });
} catch (error) {
// in this case, user is likely not on Ethereum app
if (this.unmounted) return;
this.setState({ error });
return null;
}
};
render() {
const { address, error } = this.state;
return (
<View style={styles.ShowAddressScreen}>
{!address ? (
<>
<Text style={styles.loading}>Loading your Ethereum address...</Text>
{error ? (
<Text style={styles.error}>
A problem occurred, make sure to open the Ethereum application
on your Ledger Nano X. (
{String((error && error.message) || error)})
</Text>
) : null}
</>
) : (
<>
<Text style={styles.title}>Ledger Live Ethereum Account 1</Text>
<QRCode value={address} size={300} />
<Text style={styles.address}>{address}</Text>
</>
)}
</View>
);
}
}
export default ShowAddressScreen;
const styles = StyleSheet.create({
ShowAddressScreen: {
flex: 1,
padding: 16,
alignItems: "center",
justifyContent: "center"
},
error: {
color: "#c00",
fontSize: 16
},
loading: {
color: "#999",
fontSize: 16
},
title: {
fontSize: 22,
marginBottom: 16
},
address: {
marginTop: 16,
color: "#555",
fontSize: 14
}
});
Your folder must look like this.
Fig. 3: Folder of the Application
Dependencies Installation
Run:
npm install --save react-native-qrcode-svg
npm install --save react-native-svg
npm install --save rxjs
npm install --save @ledgerhq/react-native-hw-transport-ble
npm install --save react-native-ble-plx
npx react-native link react-native-ble-plx
npm install --save buffer
npm install --save @ledgerhq/hw-app-eth
Package.json dependencies
Now that the dependencies are installed you can find them in the “package.js”.
This is how your “package.json” has to look like.
{
"name": "ledgerApp",
"version": "0.0.1",
"private": true,
"scripts": {
"android": "react-native run-android",
"ios": "react-native run-ios",
"start": "react-native start",
"test": "jest",
"lint": "eslint ."
},
"dependencies": {
"@ledgerhq/hw-app-eth": "^6.16.2",
"@ledgerhq/react-native-hw-transport-ble": "^6.15.0",
"buffer": "^6.0.3",
"react": "17.0.2",
"react-native": "0.66.3",
"react-native-ble-plx": "^2.0.3",
"react-native-qrcode-svg": "^6.1.1",
"react-native-svg": "^12.1.1",
"rxjs": "^7.4.0"
},
"devDependencies": {
"@babel/core": "^7.16.0",
"@babel/runtime": "^7.16.3",
"@react-native-community/eslint-config": "^3.0.1",
"babel-jest": "^27.3.1",
"eslint": "^8.3.0",
"jest": "^27.3.1",
"metro-react-native-babel-preset": "^0.66.2",
"react-test-renderer": "17.0.2"
},
"jest": {
"preset": "react-native"
}
}
Pod Installation
Then the pod has to be installed in the “ios” folder:
cd ios/
pod install
pod update
Enable The Bluetooth Usage
Launch Xcode and open the ios folder in the “ledgerApp” folder to add the “NSBluetoothAlwaysUsageDescription” key to the “info.plist”.
Fig. 4: Open a Project on Xcode
Fig. 5: Choose the Project
Fig. 6: Add NSBluetoothAlwaysUsageDescription in info.plist
You can now test the application you have built.
Mobile App Test
The app testing will be executed on your smartphone because the Xcode emulator environment does not allow you to use either Bluetooth or USB connexion.
Application Build on Xcode
Now to build your application on your Apple device you have to connect Xcode to an Apple account as demonstrated below.
Fig. 7: Connect Xcode to an Apple Account
Then connect your Apple device to your computer to build the application directly on the Apple device.
If all goes well the device name will be displayed on the top of the Xcode window, all you have to do is click on the triangle icon on the top left corner to build the app on your Apple device.
Fig. 8: Build the Application
Trusting the Apple Development
To accept the installation of the application.
You have to trust the “Apple development” on your device. Follow the steps below.
Fig. 9: Trusting the Apple Development
You can finally test the application by launching it.
Launching the Application
When launching the application it will be displayed as shown below. You must have the Bluetooth and location activated.
Fig. 10: Launching the Application
Pairing the Ledger Nano X
To pair your Ledger Nano X you must unlock it.
Fig. 11: Nano Code Pin
Now try to pair the Ledger Nano X to your Apple device.
Fig. 12: Pairing the Ledger Nano X
Pairing and Launching the Ethereum App on the Nano X
When pairing, the pairing code will be displayed on your Ledger Nano X to confirm.
Fig. 13: Confirm the pairing
Fig. 14: Embedded Application
Fig. 15: Nano Run Application
Now that the pairing is done, the Nano X is ready with the ethereum application.
If all goes well you must see the address of your ethereum account displayed.
Fig. 16: Address Account Displayed on Smartphone
Verify the Address
For security purposes, we display on your Nano X the same ethereum address for you to confirm.
Fig. 17: Nano Verify Screen
Fig. 18: Nano Verify Address Screen
Fig. 19: Embedded Approve Screen
Congratulations you have successfully built your first application connected with Ledger on an Apple device!